Cyanate Esters

Cyanate esters are chemical substances generally based on a bisphenol or novolac derivative, in which the hydrogen atom of the phenolic OH group is substituted by a cyanide group. The resulting product with an -OCN group is named a cyanate ester. Cyanate esters can be cured and postcured by heating, either alone at elevated temperatures  Full Article…

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Fibre Pull-out

Fibre pull-out is one of the failure mechanisms in fibre-reinforced composite materials. Other forms of failure include delamination, intralaminar matrix cracking, longitudinal matrix splitting, fibre/matrix debonding, and fibre fracture. The cause of fibre pull-out and delamination is weak bonding. Work for debonding,    where  is fibre diameter  is failure strength of the fibre  is the  Full Article…

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Short Fibre Reinforced Blends

Short Fibre Reinforced Blends are partial case of ternary composites, i.e. composites prepared of three ingredients. In particular they can be considered as a combination of an immiscible polymer blend and a short fibre reinforced composite. These blends have the potential to integrate the easy processing solutions available for short fibre reinforced composites with the  Full Article…

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Tow

In the composites industry, a tow is an untwisted bundle of continuous filaments, and it refers to man-made fibres, particularly carbon fibres (also called graphite). Tows are designated by the number of fibers they contain. For example, a 12K tow contains about 12,000 fibres. In the textile industry, a tow is a coarse, broken fibre  Full Article…

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Barcol Hardness Testing

The Barcol hardness test characterises the indentation hardness of materials through the depth of penetration of an indentor, loaded on a material sample and compared to the penetration in a reference material. The method is most often used for composite materials such as reinforced thermosetting resins or to determine how much a resin or plastic  Full Article…

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What is Twaron?

Twaron is the brandname of Teijin Aramid for a para-aramid. It is a heat-resistant and strong synthetic fibre developed in the early 1970s by the Dutch company AKZO, division ENKA, later Akzo Industrial Fibres. The research name of the para-aramid fibre was originally Fiber X, but it was soon called Arenka. Although the Dutch para-aramid  Full Article…

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Technora

Technora is an aramid that is useful for a variety of applications that require high strength or chemical resistance. It is a brand name of the company Teijin. It was also used to suspend the NASA Mars rover Opportunity from its parachute during descent. Production Technora is produced by condensation polymerisation of terephthaloyl chloride (TCl)  Full Article…

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Aramid Fibres

Aramid fibres are a class of heat-resistant and strong synthetic fibres. They are used in aerospace and military applications, for ballistic rated body armour fabric and ballistic composites, in bicycle tires, and as an asbestos substitute. The name is a portmanteau of “aromatic polyamide”. They are fibres in which the chain molecules are highly oriented  Full Article…

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Reaction Injection Moulding

Reaction injection moulding (RIM) is similar to injection moulding except thermosetting polymers are used which requires a curing reaction to occur within the mould. Common items made via RIM include automotive bumpers and spoilers. Process First, the two parts of the polymer are mixed together. The mixture is then injected into the mould under high  Full Article…

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Forged Composites

Forged composite is a synthetic composite material produced in an alliance between Lamborghini and Callaway Golf Company (via Quantum Composites Inc. of Bay City, MI) who introduced it in their Sesto Elemento concept car and Diablo Octane drivers, respectively. It mostly consists of carbon and is one-third as dense as metal titanium but stronger. The  Full Article…

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